1. Home Page
    2. /
  2. Tiong
https://www.ubuy.mn/en/deals/black-friday-deal-offers-sale

Delivery

Delivery time may vary depending on store and country. To learn more about Shipping Policy

Price Range

MNT
-

Buy Tiong Products Online in Mongolia

Sort by
|
Pocket Watch Chain with Lobster & T-Bar Clasps Suit for Your Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Pocket Watch Chain with Lobster & T-Bar Clasps Suit for Your Pocket Watch
4.4

100+ bought

MNT 92879

Tiong Pocket Watch Quartz Pocketes Watch with Chain for Cosplay
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watch Quartz Pocketes Watch with Chain for Cosplay
4.8

50+ bought

MNT 88474

Tiong Mens Military Quartz Sports Watch, Textile Nylon Strap Luminous Watches for Men, Simulated Display Quartz Waterproof Mens Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Military Quartz Sports Watch, Textile Nylon Strap Luminous Watches for ...
5

MNT 53241

Tiong Vintage Mini Bronze Engraved Pattern Unisex Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Size with Keychain & Necklace Chain, Retro Pendant Watch Accessory Gift
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Mini Bronze Engraved Pattern Unisex Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Size ...
4.1

MNT 62049

Tiong Mens Triangle Watches, Golden Skeleton Watch, Fashion Mechanical Wrist Watch for Men
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Triangle Watches, Golden Skeleton Watch, Fashion Mechanical Wrist Watch ...
4.3

MNT 106091

4% OFF
Tiong Mechanical Mens Watch Stainless Steel Automatic Skeleton Watch Waterproof Watches for Men Fathers Day Gift
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mechanical Mens Watch Stainless Steel Automatic Skeleton Watch Waterproof ...
4

MNT 137227 143527

Tiong Smooth Covered Mens Pocket Watch,Luminous Arabic Numerals Black Dial Pocket Watch with Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Smooth Covered Mens Pocket Watch,Luminous Arabic Numerals Black Dial Pocket ...
3.9

MNT 88474

Tiong Vintage Bronze Cartoon Shaped Mens Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Irregular Design with Keychain & Necklace Chain, Unisex Retro Pendant Watch Accessory
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Bronze Cartoon Shaped Mens Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Irregular ...

MNT 62049

Tiong Mens Wooden Mechanical Watches Skeleton Automatic Watch with Gift Box
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Wooden Mechanical Watches Skeleton Automatic Watch with Gift Box
5

MNT 225005

Tiong Mens Replacement Strap Leather Watch Band, Stainless Steel Buckle Button, Breathable and Durable Leather Strap-18MM 20MM 22MM 24MM- Black/Brown
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Replacement Strap Leather Watch Band, Stainless Steel Buckle Button, ...
4.3

MNT 62049

Tiong Bronze Single Opening Eagle Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens Mechanical Movement Roman Digital Dial Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Bronze Single Opening Eagle Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens Mechanical ...
5

MNT 136921

Tiong Mens Quartz Wooden Watch, Square Dial Leather Strap, Casual and Comfortable Watch for Men
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Quartz Wooden Watch, Square Dial Leather Strap, Casual and Comfortable ...
5

MNT 136921

Tiong Mens Quartz Watch - Stainless Steel, Waterproof, Date Display, Luminous | Casual & Business with Sleek Design
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Quartz Watch - Stainless Steel, Waterproof, Date Display, Luminous | ...
3.9

MNT 62049

Tiong Womens Blue Roman Numeral Wooden Watch, Handmade Colored Quartz Wooden Watch for Women
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Womens Blue Roman Numeral Wooden Watch, Handmade Colored Quartz Wooden Watch ...
4.5

MNT 180963

Tiong Classic Shiny Arabic Numeral Men's Quartz Pocket Watch, Quartz Movement with Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Classic Shiny Arabic Numeral Men's Quartz Pocket Watch, Quartz Movement with ...
4.2

MNT 88474

Tiong Smooth Pocket Watches Quartz Arabic Numerals Men Pocket Watch with Chain&Box
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Smooth Pocket Watches Quartz Arabic Numerals Men Pocket Watch with Chain&Box
4.2

MNT 89135

Tiong Womens Wood Design Watch, Adjustable Strap and Lightweight Wooden Watch with Circular Dial, Womens Quartz Watches
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Womens Wood Design Watch, Adjustable Strap and Lightweight Wooden Watch with ...

MNT 180963

Tiong Black Hollow Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens Mechanical Movement Roman Numeral Dial Single Opening Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Black Hollow Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens Mechanical Movement Roman ...
4.7

MNT 150133

Tiong Roman Numerals Scale Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain Christmas Graduation Birthday Gifts Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Roman Numerals Scale Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain Christmas Graduation ...
4.4

MNT 62049

Realpoo Solid Small-Flower Quartz Pocket Watch with an Elegant Vintage Style and Arabic Numeral Dial
US Store
Tiong

Realpoo Solid Small-Flower Quartz Pocket Watch with an Elegant Vintage Style and ...
3.5

MNT 88474

Tiong Fashion Casual Ladies Watch, Leather Strap Quartz Waterproof Watch for Women
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Fashion Casual Ladies Watch, Leather Strap Quartz Waterproof Watch for Women
3.8

MNT 62049

Tiong Personalization Watch BoxLuxury Black Customizable Pocket Watch Box PU Leather Single Gift Box Display Storage Case
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Personalization Watch BoxLuxury Black Customizable Pocket Watch Box PU ...
5

MNT 92835

5% OFF
Tiong Mens Maple Full Wood Quartz Wristwatch Classic Square Wooden Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Maple Full Wood Quartz Wristwatch Classic Square Wooden Watch
4.2

MNT 158942 167750

Tiong Personalized Pocket Watches,Engraved Your Want Text/Name Nostalgia Alice Quartz Pocket Watch Men's Custom Quartz Uncovered Customized Pocket Watch Best Gifts
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Personalized Pocket Watches,Engraved Your Want Text/Name Nostalgia Alice ...
5

MNT 101644

12% OFF
Tiong Bronze Transparent Cover Pattern Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens Mechanical Movement Arabic Numeral Dial Single Opening Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Bronze Transparent Cover Pattern Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens ...
4.6

MNT 132516 150133

Tiong Vintage Mini Bronze Engraved Pattern Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Size with Keychain & Necklace Chain, Retro Pendant Watch Accessory Gift for Men Women
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Mini Bronze Engraved Pattern Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Size with ...
3

MNT 62049

Tiong Customized Luxury Pocket Watch Box Engraved Wooden Box Single Gift Box Display Storage Case
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Customized Luxury Pocket Watch Box Engraved Wooden Box Single Gift Box ...
4.4

MNT 119260

Tiong Brown/Black Vintage Classic Personalization 47mm Pu Leather Pocket Watch Box Customized Holder Storage Case Coin Pouch Storage with Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Brown/Black Vintage Classic Personalization 47mm Pu Leather Pocket Watch Box ...
4.3

MNT 75262

10% OFF
Nostalgia Movie Theme Design Alloy Quartz Pocket Watch with Necklace Chain
US Store
Tiong

Nostalgia Movie Theme Design Alloy Quartz Pocket Watch with Necklace Chain
4.7

MNT 55663 62049

Tiong Mens Business Chronograph Watch - Stainless Steel Band, Moon Phase & Six-Hand - Waterproof, Luminous Date Display Quartz Wristwatch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Business Chronograph Watch - Stainless Steel Band, Moon Phase & Six-Hand ...

MNT 92879

Tiong Hollow Moon Mens Pocket Watch,Starry Roman Numerals Dial Pocket Watches with Chain Christmas Graduation Birthday Gifts
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Hollow Moon Mens Pocket Watch,Starry Roman Numerals Dial Pocket Watches with ...

MNT 62049

Tiong Fashion Mens Watches Top Brand Luxury Automatic Mechanical Stainless Steel Fashion Business Skeleton Wristwatch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Fashion Mens Watches Top Brand Luxury Automatic Mechanical Stainless Steel ...
4.1

MNT 207388

Tiong Pocket Watch Pattern Vintage Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain Christmas Graduation Birthday Gifts Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watch Pattern Vintage Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain Christmas ...
4.5

MNT 62049

Tiong Pocket Watch Flower 3D Pattern Vintage Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain Christmas, Graduation, Birthday Gifts Mothers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watch Flower 3D Pattern Vintage Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain ...
4.5

MNT 88474

Tiong Pocket Watch Albert Vest 14 Inch Chain with T Bar & Lobster Clasps Watch Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watch Albert Vest 14 Inch Chain with T Bar & Lobster Clasps Watch Chain
4.5

MNT 75262

Tiong Engraved Sliver G Accessories Set,Fob Watch Fashion Sweater Quartz Pocket Watch Freemason Pendant Set
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Engraved Sliver G Accessories Set,Fob Watch Fashion Sweater Quartz Pocket ...
4.1

MNT 101687

Tiong Personalization Pocket Watch, Roman Scale Quartz Pocket Watch,Mens Quartz Custom Pocket Watches with Chain Gift for Father
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Personalization Pocket Watch, Roman Scale Quartz Pocket Watch,Mens Quartz ...
5

MNT 101644

Tiong Triangle Skeleton Mens Mechanical Automatic Watches, Stainless Steel Strap Sports Mens Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Triangle Skeleton Mens Mechanical Automatic Watches, Stainless Steel Strap ...
5

MNT 180963

Tiong Mens Mechanical Watches,Luxury Skeleton Automatic Watch for Men
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Mechanical Watches,Luxury Skeleton Automatic Watch for Men
4.1

MNT 180963

45% OFF
Tiong Pocket Watch,American Eagle Flag USA US Flag Patriotic 4th of July Gifts for Veterans,Custom Pocket Watch for Veterans with Chain,Best Veterans Independence Day Gifts
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watch,American Eagle Flag USA US Flag Patriotic 4th of July Gifts for ...
4.4

MNT 55663 101687

Tiong Vintage Pocket Watch Roman Numerals Scale Retro Custom Engraved Quartz Pocket Watches with Chain for Dad Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Pocket Watch Roman Numerals Scale Retro Custom Engraved Quartz Pocket ...
5

MNT 48837

Tiong Weird Town Triangle Devil Quartz Pocket Watch Gravity Bill Cipher Fall Time Necklace Pendant Clock Gifts
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Weird Town Triangle Devil Quartz Pocket Watch Gravity Bill Cipher Fall Time ...
4.4

MNT 88474

Tiong Punk Motorcycle Quartz Pocket Watch Gift for Christmas Birthday
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Punk Motorcycle Quartz Pocket Watch Gift for Christmas Birthday
5

MNT 45797

Tiong Engraved Pocket Watches to My Son I Love You Forever Quartz Watch Fob Clip Chains-Black
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Engraved Pocket Watches to My Son I Love You Forever Quartz Watch Fob Clip ...
5

MNT 88474

Ancient Native Indian Quartz Pocket Watch Antique Souvenir Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Ancient Native Indian Quartz Pocket Watch Antique Souvenir Fathers Day
5

MNT 79666

Tiong Vintage Pocket Watch Engraved Cowboy Skull Wolf 3D Pattern Arabic Numerals Quartz Pocket Watch with Chain Best Gifts
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Pocket Watch Engraved Cowboy Skull Wolf 3D Pattern Arabic Numerals ...
5

MNT 70858

Tiong Pocket Watch Anchor Pattern Design Roman Numerals Quartz with Chain Birthday Gifts
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watch Anchor Pattern Design Roman Numerals Quartz with Chain Birthday ...
4.5

MNT 79666

Tiong Square Black Leather Strap Watch for Men, Luminous Design Quartz Movement, White Digital Display Waterproof Quartz Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Square Black Leather Strap Watch for Men, Luminous Design Quartz Movement, ...
4.2

MNT 150133

Wallet Pocket Chain,Hip Hop Punk Jeans Accessories for Eboy Egirl Women Men
US Store
Tiong

Wallet Pocket Chain,Hip Hop Punk Jeans Accessories for Eboy Egirl Women Men
4.1

MNT 49804

Tiong Pocket Watches Quartz Arabic Numerals Men Pocket Watch with Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pocket Watches Quartz Arabic Numerals Men Pocket Watch with Chain
4.4

MNT 92879

Tiong Mens Wooden Quartz Watch, Handmade Colorful Butterfly Pattern Dial, Adjustable Strap Watch for Men
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Wooden Quartz Watch, Handmade Colorful Butterfly Pattern Dial, ...

MNT 180963

Tiong Personalized Double-Open Mens Pocket Watch, Luminous Arabic Numeral Dial, Custom Engravable Mechanical Timepiece for Gifting
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Personalized Double-Open Mens Pocket Watch, Luminous Arabic Numeral Dial, ...
5

MNT 194746

Tiong Vintage Bronze Symmetric Pattern Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Size with Keychain & Necklace Chain, Retro Engraved Pendant Watch Accessory for Men Women
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Bronze Symmetric Pattern Quartz Pocket Watch - Small Size with ...
3.5

MNT 62049

Tiong Pattern Design Nurse Watch, Flip Collar Watch Clip Style Pocket Watch, Retractable Arabic Numeral Dial Nurse Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Pattern Design Nurse Watch, Flip Collar Watch Clip Style Pocket Watch, ...
4.8

MNT 62049

19% OFF
Tiong Mens Automatic Mechanical Wacth Stainless Steel Skeleton Watches
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Automatic Mechanical Wacth Stainless Steel Skeleton Watches
3.8

MNT 135599 167750

Tiong Hollow Design Quartz Pocket Watch with Chain Necklace Pendant & Gift Box Christmas Graduation Birthday Gifts Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Hollow Design Quartz Pocket Watch with Chain Necklace Pendant & Gift Box ...

MNT 45797

Tiong Clip Pocket Watch Chain Bronze Vintage Metal Alloy Chain Accessory for Your Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Clip Pocket Watch Chain Bronze Vintage Metal Alloy Chain Accessory for Your ...
4.5

MNT 28314

Tiong Vintage Pocket Watch Train Pocket Watch Men Women Gift
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Pocket Watch Train Pocket Watch Men Women Gift
4

MNT 57645

4% OFF
Tiong Vintage Copper Stainless Steel London Design Mechanical Hand-Wind Pocket Watch Mens Watches
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Vintage Copper Stainless Steel London Design Mechanical Hand-Wind Pocket ...
4

MNT 168631 176558

Tiong Gold/Silver Handmade Men's Pocket Watch Chain Double Albert Chain T Bar Pocket Watch Chain with Cross Pendant Design
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Gold/Silver Handmade Men's Pocket Watch Chain Double Albert Chain T Bar ...

MNT 84070

Tiong Arabic Numerals Wooden Men Pocket Watch, Lightweight Wooden Mens Fob Pocket Watch with Gold Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Arabic Numerals Wooden Men Pocket Watch, Lightweight Wooden Mens Fob Pocket ...
5

MNT 150133

Tiong Black Hollow Double Deer Design Pattern Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens Mechanical Movement Roman Numeral Dial Double Opening Pocket Watch
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Black Hollow Double Deer Design Pattern Design Mechanical Pocket Watch, Mens ...
4

MNT 163346

Tiong Smooth Pocket Watch,Personalized Pocket Watch,Customized Watches for Men,Engraved Pocket Watches for Fathers Day with Chain
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Smooth Pocket Watch,Personalized Pocket Watch,Customized Watches for ...
4.2

MNT 62049

40% OFF
Tiong Retro Silver Quartz Pocket Watch Men Fashion Full Metal Alchemist Necklace Fob Watches for Christmas Graduation Birthday Gifts Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Retro Silver Quartz Pocket Watch Men Fashion Full Metal Alchemist Necklace ...
4.6

MNT 53241 88474

Tiong Mens Vintage Locomotive Design Full Copper Pocket Watches for Men, Mechanical Pocket Watch with Chain for Christmas Graduation Birthday Gifts Fathers Day
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Mens Vintage Locomotive Design Full Copper Pocket Watches for Men, Mechanical ...
3.5

MNT 282259

Tiong Hollowed-Out Multi-Gear Men's Casual Quartz Pocket Watch with White Arabic Numeral Dial
US Store
Tiong

Tiong Hollowed-Out Multi-Gear Men's Casual Quartz Pocket Watch with White Arabic ...
5

MNT 88474

Brands Similar to Tiong

Dyson
Philips
LG
Samsung
Panasonic

All You Need to Know About Tiong – Top Picks & More

Tiong is a renowned brand recognized for its innovative approach to creating quality home appliances and lifestyle products. With a strong presence in multiple countries, Tiong combines cutting-edge technology with user-friendly designs to enhance daily living. Known for their commitment to sustainability, Tiong focuses on producing energy-efficient products that meet the needs of modern consumers while minimizing environmental impact. Their dedication to customer satisfaction and trust has earned them a loyal following worldwide. Tiong continually invests in research and development to remain at the forefront of technological advancements in the home appliance sector, ensuring that customers receive the best in performance, durability, and style. As a globally recognized brand, Tiong's products can be found in homes across continents, making them a preferred choice for those seeking reliability and innovation in their everyday lives.

Why Buy From Ubuy

  • Authenticity Assurance: Our Tiong products are sourced from verified global suppliers and come with the original brand packaging and labeling, ensuring their authenticity.
  • Speedy Delivery: Experience fast delivery services, bringing Tiong products from global warehouses right to your doorstep in Mongolia.
  • Exclusive Global Selection: With Ubuy, you gain access to a vast selection of Tiong products not easily found in local stores.
  • Competitive Global Pricing: Ubuy brings you Tiong products at prices that leverage the benefits of international pricing, ensuring you save more.
  • Responsive Customer Service: Our dedicated support team is always ready to assist you with any queries regarding Tiong products, delivery times, or order process.
  • Effortless Shopping Experience: Enjoy a seamless shopping experience with our easy ordering process and secure checkout when purchasing Tiong products.

Top Offerings from Tiong to Try in Mongolia

  • Home Appliances – Air Purifiers, Dehumidifiers, Water Filtration Systems
  • Kitchen Appliances – Electric Kettles, Food Processors, Rice Cookers
  • Personal Care – Hair Dryers, Electric Toothbrushes, Hair Straighteners
  • Smart Home Devices – Smart Thermostats, Security Cameras, Smart Plugs

High Rated Products of Tiong

  • Tiong Air Purifier 3000

    The Tiong Air Purifier 3000 is engineered to provide a cleaner and healthier living environment. Featuring a 3-stage filtration system, it effectively removes 99.97% of airborne pollutants, including dust, allergens, and pet dander. With its sleek design, it fits seamlessly into any room while providing real-time air quality feedback. Ideal for allergy sufferers, this purifier ensures you breathe easy and enjoy a fresher atmosphere in your home.

  • Tiong Electric Kettle 1.7L

    The Tiong Electric Kettle 1.7L is a perfect blend of functionality and style. With its rapid boiling technology, this kettle heats water in minutes, making it ideal for tea, coffee, or instant meals. The kettle features an automatic shut-off and boil-dry protection for safety, along with a sleek stainless-steel design that adds elegance to your kitchen. Its large capacity ensures you have enough hot water for multiple servings.

  • Tiong Smart Thermostat

    The Tiong Smart Thermostat is designed to optimize your home's heating and cooling efficiency. With its intuitive app control, you can easily adjust temperatures from anywhere, ensuring comfort and energy savings. The thermostat learns your schedule and preferences, automatically adjusting to save energy when you're away. Its user-friendly interface and compatibility with various smart home systems make it a great addition to any modern home.

  • Tiong Dehumidifier 20L

    The Tiong Dehumidifier 20L effectively removes excess moisture from the air, preventing mold and mildew growth in your home. Designed for large spaces, it operates quietly and offers adjustable humidity settings for maximum comfort. With its sleek design and portable wheels, you can easily move it from room to room. The built-in hygrometer and continuous drainage option provide convenience and peace of mind.

  • Tiong Hair Dryer Pro

    The Tiong Hair Dryer Pro combines powerful airflow with advanced technology to dry hair quickly while minimizing heat damage. Featuring multiple heat and speed settings, it caters to all hair types, ensuring a salon-quality finish at home. Its lightweight design and ergonomic handle provide comfort during use, while the included diffuser attachment enhances natural curls and waves.

Commonly Asked Questions

  • How can I verify that the Tiong products I bought are genuine?

    Tiong products sold on Ubuy should come with the brand's packaging and labeling. Be sure to purchase only from Ubuy or verified sellers. In case of doubts, you can contact our customer support to clarify before placing an order.

  • How fast can I get Tiong products shipped to my country?

    Shipping times vary depending on your location and the specific product. Generally, Tiong products ordered through Ubuy can reach you within a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the shipping method selected at checkout.

  • What are some popular Tiong products available on Ubuy?

    Some top-selling Tiong products you can find on Ubuy include the Tiong Air Purifier 3000, Tiong Electric Kettle 1.7L, Tiong Smart Thermostat, Tiong Dehumidifier 20L, and Tiong Hair Dryer Pro. Each of these products is designed to enhance comfort and convenience in your home.

  • Are Tiong home appliances energy-efficient?

    Yes, Tiong is committed to sustainability, and many of their home appliances are designed to be energy-efficient. This means they consume less power while delivering high performance, helping you save on energy bills and reduce your carbon footprint.

  • What materials are used in Tiong personal care products?

    Tiong personal care products are made with high-quality materials to ensure durability and safety. For example, their hair dryers often feature heat-resistant plastics and ceramic technology, providing effective styling while minimizing damage to your hair.

  • Can I buy Tiong products from Ubuy if I'm in my country?

    Yes, Ubuy offers a wide range of Tiong products available for purchase, regardless of your location. You can browse and order from the comfort of your home.

  • Is international shipping available for Tiong products?

    Yes, Ubuy provides international shipping for Tiong products, allowing you to enjoy the brand's offerings no matter where you are located.

  • How do I know if a Tiong product is the right fit for me?

    When selecting a Tiong product, consider your specific needs, such as size, functionality, and compatibility with your existing appliances. Ubuy provides detailed product descriptions and specifications to help you make an informed decision.